Campbell-Walsh Urology

VOLUME 1

PART I Clinical Decision Making

1 Evaluation of the Urologic Patient:: History, Physical Examination, and Urinalysis, 1

2 Urinary Tract Imaging:: Basic Principles of Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Plain Film, 26

3 Urinary Tract Imaging:: Basic Principles of Urologic Ultrasonography, 63

4 Outcomes Research, 85

PART II Basics of Urologic Surgery

5 Core Principles of Perioperative Care, 100

6 Fundamentals of Urinary Tract Drainage, 119

7 Principles of Urologic Endoscopy, 136

8 Percutaneous Approaches to the Upper Urinary Tract Collecting System, 153

9 Evaluation and Management of Hematuria, 183

10 Fundamentals of Laparoscopic and Robotic Urologic Surgery, 195

11 Basic Energy Modalities in Urologic Surgery, 225

PART III Infections and Inflammation

12 Infections of the Urinary Tract, 237

13 Inflammatory and Pain Conditions of the Male Genitourinary Tract:: Prostatitis and Related Pain Conditions, Orchitis, and Epididymitis, 304

14 Bladder Pain Syndrome (Interstitial Cystitis) and Related Disorders, 334

15 Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 371

16 Cutaneous Diseases of the External Genitalia, 387

17 Tuberculosis and Parasitic Infections of the Genitourinary Tract, 421

PART IV Molecular and Cellular Biology

18 Basic Principles of Immunology and Immunotherapy in Urologic Oncology, 447

19 Molecular Genetics and Cancer Biology, 459

20 Principles of Tissue Engineering, 482

PART V Reproductive and Sexual Function

21 Surgical, Radiographic, and Endoscopic Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System, 498

22 Male Reproductive Physiology, 516

23 Integrated Mens Health:: Androgen Deficiency, Cardiovascular Risk, and Metabolic Syndrome, 538

24 Male Infertility, 556

25 Surgical Management of Male Infertility, 580

26 Physiology of Penile Erection and Pathophysiology of Erectile Dysfunction, 612

27 Evaluation and Management of Erectile Dysfunction, 643

28 Priapism, 669

29 Disorders of Male Orgasm and Ejaculation, 692

30 Surgery for Erectile Dysfunction, 709

31 Diagnosis and Management of Peyronie Disease, 722

32 Sexual Function and Dysfunction in the Female, 749

PART VI Male Genitalia

33 Surgical, Radiographic, and Endoscopic Anatomy of the Retroperitoneum, 765

34 Neoplasms of the Testis, 784

35 Surgery of Testicular Tumors, 815

36 Laparoscopic and Robotic-Assisted Retroperitoneal Lymphadenectomy for Testicular Tumors, 838

37 Tumors of the Penis, 846

38 Tumors of the Urethra, 879

39 Inguinal Node Dissection, 890

40 Surgery of the Penis and Urethra, 907

41 Surgery of the Scrotum and Seminal Vesicles, 946

VOLUME 2

PART VII Renal Physiology and Pathophysiology

42 Surgical, Radiologic, and Endoscopic Anatomy of the Kidney and Ureter, 967

43 Physiology and Pharmacology of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter, 978

44 Renal Physiology and Pathophysiology, 1007

45 Renovascular Hypertension and Ischemic Nephropathy, 1028

46 Etiology, Pathogenesis, and Management of Renal Failure, 1041

47 Renal Transplantation, 1069

PART VIII Upper Urinary Tract Obstruction and Trauma

48 Pathophysiology of Urinary Tract Obstruction, 1089

49 Management of Upper Urinary Tract Obstruction, 1104

50 Upper Urinary Tract Trauma, 1148

PART IX Urinary Lithiasis and Endourology

51 Urinary Lithiasis:: Etiology, Epidemiology, and Pathogenesis, 1170

52 Evaluation and Medical Management of Urinary Lithiasis, 1200

53 Strategies for Nonmedical Management of Upper Urinary Tract Calculi, 1235

54 Surgical Management of Upper Urinary Tract Calculi, 1260

55 Lower Urinary Tract Calculi, 1291

PART X Neoplasms of the Upper Urinary Tract

56 Benign Renal Tumors, 1300

57 Malignant Renal Tumors, 1314

58 Urothelial Tumors of the Upper Urinary Tract and Ureter, 1365

59 Retroperitoneal Tumors, 1403

60 Open Surgery of the Kidney, 1414

61 Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery of the Kidney, 1446

62 Nonsurgical Focal Therapy for Renal Tumors, 1484

63 Treatment of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma, 1500

PART XI The Adrenals

64 Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy of the Adrenals, 1519

65 Pathophysiology, Evaluation, and Medical Management of Adrenal Disorders, 1528

66 Surgery of the Adrenal Glands, 1577

VOLUME 3

PART XII Urine Transport, Storage, and Emptying

67 Surgical, Radiographic, and Endoscopic Anatomy of the Female Pelvis, 1597

68 Surgical, Radiographic, and Endoscopic Anatomy of the Male Pelvis, 1611

69 Physiology and Pharmacology of the Bladder and Urethra, 1631

70 Pathophysiology and Classification of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction:: Overview, 1685

71 Evaluation and Management of Women with Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Prolapse, 1697

72 Evaluation and Management of Men with Urinary Incontinence, 1710

73 Urodynamic and Video-Urodynamic Evaluation of the Lower Urinary Tract, 1718

74 Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Prolapse:: Epidemiology and Pathophysiology, 1743

75 Neuromuscular Dysfunction of the Lower Urinary Tract, 1761

76 Overactive Bladder, 1796

77 The Underactive Detrusor, 1807

78 Nocturia, 1821

79 Pharmacologic Management of Lower Urinary Tract Storage and Emptying Failure, 1836

80 Conservative Management of Urinary Incontinence:: Behavioral and Pelvic Floor Therapy and Urethral and Pelvic Devices, 1875

81 Electrical Stimulation and Neuromodulation in Storage and Emptying Failure, 1899

82 Retropubic Suspension Surgery for Incontinence in Women, 1918

83 Vaginal and Abdominal Reconstructive Surgery for Pelvic Organ Prolapse, 1939

84 Slings:: Autologous, Biologic, Synthetic, and Midurethral, 1987

85 Complications Related to the Use of Mesh and Their Repair, 2039

86 Injection Therapy for Urinary Incontinence, 2049

87 Additional Therapies for Storage and Emptying Failure, 2070

88 Aging and Geriatric Urology, 2083

89 Urinary Tract Fistulae, 2103

90 Bladder and Female Urethral Diverticula, 2140

91 Surgical Procedures for Sphincteric Incontinence in the Male:: The Artificial Urinary Sphincter and Perineal Sling Procedures, 2169

PART XIII Benign and Malignant Bladder Disorders

92 Tumors of the Bladder, 2184

93 Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (Ta, T1, and CIS), 2205

94 Management of Metastatic and Invasive Bladder Cancer, 2223

95 Transurethral and Open Surgery for Bladder Cancer, 2242

96 Robotic and Laparoscopic Bladder Surgery, 2254

97 Use of Intestinal Segments in Urinary Diversion, 2281

98 Cutaneous Continent Urinary Diversion, 2317

99 Orthotopic Urinary Diversion, 2344

100 Minimally Invasive Urinary Diversion, 2369

101 Genital and Lower Urinary Tract Trauma, 2379

PART XIV The Prostate

102 Development, Molecular Biology, and Physiology of the Prostate, 2393

103 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia:: Etiology, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, and Natural History, 2425

104 Evaluation and Nonsurgical Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, 2463

105 Minimally Invasive and Endoscopic Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, 2504

106 Simple Prostatectomy:: Open and Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Approaches, 2535

107 Epidemiology, Etiology, and Prevention of Prostate Cancer, 2543

108 Prostate Cancer Tumor Markers, 2565

109 Prostate Biopsy:: Techniques and Imaging, 2579

110 Pathology of Prostatic Neoplasia, 2593

111 Diagnosis and Staging of Prostate Cancer, 2601

112 Management of Localized Prostate Cancer, 2609

113 Active Surveillance of Prostate Cancer, 2628

114 Open Radical Prostatectomy, 2641

115 Laparoscopic and Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy and Pelvic Lymphadenectomy, 2663

116 Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer, 2685

117 Focal Therapy for Prostate Cancer, 2711

118 Treatment of Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer, 2752

119 Management of Biochemical Recurrence after Definitive Therapy for Prostate Cancer, 2770

120 Hormonal Therapy for Prostate Cancer, 2786

121 Treatment of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer, 2804

VOLUME 4

PART XV Pediatric Urology

SECTION A Development and Prenatal Urology

122 Embryology of the Genitourinary Tract, 2823

123 Disorders of Renal Functional Development in Children, 2849

124 Perinatal Urology, 2873

SECTION B Basic Principles

125 Urologic Evaluation of the Child, 2893

126 Pediatric Urogenital Imaging, 2909

127 Infection and Inflammation of the Pediatric Genitourinary Tract, 2926

128 Core Principles of Perioperative Management in Children, 2949

129 Principles of Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery in Children, 2963

SECTION C Upper Urinary Tract Conditions

130 Anomalies of the Upper Urinary Tract, 2975

131 Renal Dysgenesis and Cystic Disease of the Kidney, 3006

132 Congenital Urinary Obstruction::Pathophysiology, 3043

133 Surgery of the Ureter in Children, 3057

134 Ectopic Ureter, Ureterocele, and Ureteral Anomalies, 3075

135 Surgical Management of Pediatric Stone Disease, 3102

SECTION D Lower Urinary Tract Conditions

136 Development and Assessment of Lower Urinary Tract Function in Children, 3121

137 Vesicoureteral Reflux, 3134

138 Bladder Anomalies in Children, 3173

139 Exstrophy-Epispadias Complex, 3182

140 Prune-Belly Syndrome, 3234

141 Posterior Urethral Valves and Urethral Anomalies, 3252

142 Neuromuscular Dysfunction of the Lower Urinary Tract in Children, 3272

143 Functional Disorders of the Lower Urinary Tract in Children, 3297

144 Management of Defecation Disorders, 3317

145 Urinary Tract Reconstruction in Children, 3330

SECTION E Genitalia

146 Management of Abnormalities of the External Genitalia in Boys, 3368

147 Hypospadias, 3399

148 Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management of the Undescended Testis, 3430

149 Management of Abnormalities of the Genitalia in Girls, 3453

150 Disorders of Sexual Development:: Etiology, Evaluation, and Medical Management, 3469

SECTION F Reconstruction and Trauma

151 Surgical Management of Disorders of Sex Development and Cloacal and Anorectal Malformations, 3498

152 Adolescent and Transitional Urology, 3521

153 Urologic Considerations in Pediatric Renal Transplantation, 3528

154 Pediatric Genitourinary Trauma, 3538

SECTION G Oncology

155 Pediatric Urologic Oncology:: Renal and Adrenal, 3559

156 Pediatric Urologic Oncology:: Bladder and Testis, 3582